Design and Construction of an Instrumentation System to Capture the Response of Advanced Materials Impacted by Intense Proton Pulses

In recent years, significant efforts were taken at CERN and other high-energy physics laboratories to study predict the consequences of particle beam impacts on devices such as collimators, targets, dumps. The quasi-instantaneous impact raises complex dynamic phenomena which may be simulated resorting implicit codes, for what concerns elastic or elastoplastic solid regime. However, when velocity produced stress waves surpasses speed sound we enter into shock regime, highly nonlinear numerical tools, called Hydrocodes, are usually necessary. Such adopting very extensive equations state, also able well reproduce events changes phase, spallation, explosion target. order derive validate constitutive models, experiments performed in past years HiRadMat facility. This work describes acquisition system appositely developed experiments, whose main goal is verify, mostly real time, response matter impacted by energetic proton beams. Specific focus given one most comprehensive testing campaigns, named “HRMT-14.” this experiment, energy densities with peaks up 20 kJ/cm3 achieved targets different materials (metallic alloys, graphite, diamond composites), means power pulses a population 3 × 1013 p 450 GeV. relied embarked instrumentation (strain gauges, temperature probes, vacuum sensors) remote (laser Doppler vibrometer high-speed camera). Several studies have been verify behaviour standard strain gauges related cabling chosen range frequency (few MHz). gauge measurements complemented using customised long-range laser (LDV) operating amplitude 24 m/s; LDV, together video camera (HSVC), has placed distance 40 m from target minimize radiation damage. addition, due large number measuring points, radiation-hard multiplexer switch used during experiment: was designed fulfil multiple requirements terms bandwidth, contact resistances, high channel reduction, resistance. Shockwave intense pulse effects described, brief overlook comparison results simulations, finite element tool Autodyn, given. Generally, benchmark improve material models adopted tested explicit simulations impact, design scenario accelerators, Autodyn. Simulations based simplified strain-dependent Johnson–Cook, run prior experiment. model parameters then updated fit experimental response, under load cases ensure repeatability model. paper, hand, focuses development DAQ particular HRMT-14. development, test run, postmortem examination, spanned over two its fundamental results, dedicated instrumentation, all successive 2014. method can find applications undergoing similarly rates (up 106 s-1 10.000 K, respectively), example, case involving fast loadings structures.